| THE NEXUS OF SIMULATION
WITH COMMAND AND CONTROL: WHAT EACH COMMUNITY CAN OFFER THE OTHER
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|---|---|---|
| W.H. (Dell) Lunceford,
Jr. Army Model and Simulation Office 1111 Jefferson Davis Highway Crystal Gateway North, Suite 503 Arlington, VA 22202, U.S.A. |
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| ABSTRACT | ||
| Along with the expansion of core
simulation technology over the past few years there has also been an
expansion in both the number of people in non-simulation oriented
communities that are "simulation aware" and the ability of the this
technology to support new fields of endeavor beyond the well recognized
ones of training and requirements analysis. During this same period, the
command and control world has been exploring ways to address functionality
requirements---such as automated decision support---for their next
generation systems. The situation we are in now is that both communities
have people, technology and innovation that can be shared with the other.
Unfortunately, the cultural phenomenon of organizational stovepiping,
combined with fact that---especially within the command and control
world---the operational requirements are not well understood, has made it
difficult to merge the simulation and command and control communities.
The purpose of this talk is to address how each community could help the other achieve their respective next-generation operational goals with the hope of starting a common dialog that will allow cross-fertilization of ideas. | ||
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| DISTRIBUTED SIMULATION
WITH FEDERATED MODELS: EXPECTATIONS, REALIZATIONS AND LIMITATIONS |
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|---|---|---|
| Richard E.
Nance Systems Research Center and Department of Computer Science Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University Blacksburg, VA 24061, U.S.A. |
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| ABSTRACT | ||
| A critique of federated modeling and simulation (M&S) and the HLA approach is given from an external perspective. Recognized difficulties and the progress toward overcoming them are described. The role of HLA in developing consistency and uniformity in M&S within the Department of Defense is laudable. The program and its management by DMSO have succeeded in promoting communications and understanding, which has become a tremendous asset. However, the goal of universal interoperability is challenged as neither desirable nor achievable. This contention is based on two problems inherent in federated simulation. | ||
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| LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE
DESIGN AND EXECUTION OF A FEDERATION FOR JOINT EXPERIMENTATION
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|---|---|---|
| Anita A.
Zabek The MITRE Corporation 1820 Dolley Madison Boulevard McLean, VA 22102, U.S.A. |
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| ABSTRACT | ||
| The Trailblazer project was created to examine the application of a federation of simulations to joint experimentation. This paper reviews the lessons learned as the Federation Execution and Development Process was applied to the establishment of a federation in support of experimentation. | ||
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| EXPERIENCES IN THE NATO
PRE-PATHFINDER DIMUNDS 2000 FEDERATION |
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|---|---|---|
| Richard A.
Briggs Virtual Technology Corporation 5400 Shawnee Road, Suite 203 Alexandria, VA 22312 |
|
Joost
Hamers TNO Physics and Electronics Laboratory (TNO-FEL) Operations Research Department - Army P.O. Box 96864 2509 JG, The Hague, The Netherlands |
| ABSTRACT | ||
| The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has developed and adopted a Modeling and Simulation Master Plan that provides guidance for the establishment of a NATO M&S capability. While organizational and procedural details are being developed, technical pre-pathfinder activities are being conducted to build skills within the NATO community and demonstrate the technical and procedural viability of using the High Level Architecture as the prescribed foundation for NATO federations. The DiMuNDS 2000 federation is being developed under a cooperative agreement between France, Germany, Netherlands, NATO C3 Agency, United Kingdom, and United States. This paper will present a description and status of the federation and the lessons learned with the process utilized for federation development and execution. | ||
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| OOTW IMPACT ANALYSIS
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|---|---|---|
| Dean S. Hartley
III Richard E. Bell Stephen L. Packard Data Systems Research and Development Oak Ridge Federal Facilities Center for Modeling, Simulation and Gaming 1099 Commerce Park Oak Ridge, TN 37830, U.S.A. |
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| ABSTRACT | ||
| The conduct of Operations Other Than War (OOTWs) has become an extremely important part of the US military's responsibility since the end of the Cold War. The factors that influence success and failure in OOTWs are economic, political, sociological, cultural, and psychological factors more often than they are military factors. This paper explores the need for impact analysis support tools, provides a description of the required elements of such tools, and recommends a formal process for creating OOTW impact analysis tools. | ||
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| MODELING LEADERSHIP
EFFECTS AND RECRUIT TYPE IN AN ARMY RECRUITING STATION
|
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|---|---|---|
| Edward L.
McLarney Director, NSC ATZL-NSC-WARSIM 410 Kearney Ave Fort Leavenworth, KS 66027, U.S.A. |
Robert
Fancher Headquarters, USAREC ATTN: RCPAE-RP 1307 Third Avenue Fort Knox, KY 40121-2726 |
J.O.
Miller Kenneth W. Bauer, Jr. Department of Operational Sciences Air Force Institute of Technology Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433 |
| ABSTRACT | ||
| Army recruiters have an uphill battle recruiting well-qualified volunteers into military service. With a prospering economy, there are many alternatives to joining the military, and all services are having difficulty recruiting young people. United States Army Recruiting Command (USAREC) sponsored our research in simulating the workings of an Army recruiting station in an effort to help understand more about the recruiting process. Specifically, USAREC wanted a management tool to examine the effects of changing a variety of controllable factors on the way an individual recruiting station performs. We focused this study on the effect of recruiting station commander leadership on recruiting productivity, and the differences in processing times and success rates for different types of applicants (potential recruits). This study added capability to a previous simulation model developed at the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) (Cordeiro and Friend 1998). Cordeiro & Friend's model depicted an Army recruiting station with three types of recruiters, and a single (average) recruiter type. For the current work, we needed to gather pertinent data on the effects of leadership and on the differences between different applicant types. In addition, we needed to incorporate the new data into the simulation model. The remainder of this paper includes an overview of the recruiting process, considerations for modeling leadership effects and applicant types, a discussion of incorporating these features in the simulation, a brief look at some simulation output, and some future research interests. | ||
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| AUTOMATED DISTRIBUTED
SYSTEM TESTING: DESIGNING AN RTI VERIFICATION SYSTEM
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|---|---|---|
| John
Tufarolo Jeff Nielsen Susan Symington Richard Weatherly Annette Wilson The MITRE Corporation 1820 Dolley Madison Boulevard McLean, VA 22102-3481, U.S.A. |
James
Ivers Software Engineering Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213, U.S.A |
Timothy C.
Hyon TRW International Defense Simulation Systems 12902 Federal Systems Park Drive Fairfax, VA 22033, U.S.A. |
| ABSTRACT | ||
| A project is currently underway which involves testing a distributed system -- the Run Time Infrastructure (RTI) component of the High Level Architecture (HLA). As part of this effort, a test suite has been designed and implemented to provide a coordinated and automated approach to testing this distributed system. This suite includes the creation and application of a Script Definition Language (SDL) to specify test sequences, and a test executive to control execution of the tests, coordinate the test environment, and record test results. This paper describes the design and implementation of this test environment. | ||
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| SIMULATION TO SUPPORT
OPERATIONAL TESTING: A PRACTICAL APPLICATION
|
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|---|---|---|
| Bradford S.
Canova Peter H. Christensen Michael D. Lee Bruce R. Tripp Michael H. Pack David L. Pack The MITRE Corporation 234 South Fraley Boulevard Dumfries, VA 22026, U.S.A. |
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| ABSTRACT | ||
| This paper describes a combined effort
between The Marine Corps Systems Command (MARCORSYSCOM), the Marine Corps
Operational Test and Evaluation Activity (MCOTEA) and the MITRE
Corporation to exploit M&S to support Operational Test (OT) of the
Predator Short Range Assault Weapon (SRAW). When applied appropriately,
the cost benefits of using simulation assisted testing can be substantial.
The March 23, 1998 edition of Aviation Week and Space Technology contains
an article entitled "Better Modeling Will Alter the Culture of Flight
Testing." The first sentence reads: "Over the next decade, budget pressures and a growing dependence on modeling and simulation will alter the philosophy and methods of flight testing military aircraft and weapons." The Predator simulation system provides an example of how simulation can be applied to the system development process to help reduce cost and ensure a higher quality product. The success of the Predator simulation system shows that with a complete, coherent VV&A process in place, a simulation system can be developed to provide valuable input to the design, development, testing and training phases of the system development process. | ||
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| AN EXAMPLE OF SIMULATION
USE IN ARMY WEAPON SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT |
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|---|---|---|
| Ann H.
Kissell U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command AMSAM-RD-SS-SD Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898, U.S.A. |
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| ABSTRACT | ||
| The use of modeling and simulation in
the development of military weapon systems began to expand several years
ago as the costs of flight testing began to rise. Since then, the role of
modeling and simulation has expanded to include areas such as planning and
conducting warfare, system development, and acquisition in an effort to
minimize system development and acquisition costs. This paper discusses the use of modeling and simulation in the development of the Pre-planned Product Improvement (P3I) Brilliant Anti-Armor BAT submunition. A High-fidelity Flight Simulation (HFS) is being developed that combines the tactical flight software, high fidelity infrared/millimeter wave seeker model, 6-Degree-of-Freedom flight dynamics model, and validated infrared and millimeter wave synthetic imagery into one integrated digital simulation. The HFS development methodology emphasizes the use of tactical software, legacy models, and high fidelity imagery and encourages commonality between the HFS, Hardware-In-the-Loop, and system effectiveness simulations. Animated graphical displays provide visualization of both the trajectory and the scene/environment. The use of this methodology is increasing the accuracy of the simulation and reducing development costs. The HFS development is on schedule with the master program plan, and is being utilized for captive flight test prediction analyses and system performance studies. | ||
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| SIMULATION ENVIRONMENTS
FOR THE DESIGN AND TEST OF AN INTELLIGENT CONTROLLER FOR AUTONOMOUS
UNDERWATER VEHICLES |
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|---|---|---|
| Michael W.
Roeckel Robert H. Rivoir Ronald E. Gibson Stephen P. Linder Applied Research Laboratory Pennsylvania State University P.O. Box 30 State College, PA 16804 USA |
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| ABSTRACT | ||
| Intelligent controllers usually consist of a hybrid system that includes both discrete and continuous processes. This hybrid construction poses difficulties in validating and verifying their design. As the use of intelligent controllers proliferates throughout society, the development of simulation techniques that support both the construction and testing of these controllers becomes increasingly important. At the Applied Research Laboratory (ARL) of the Pennsylvania State University we have gained insight over the last ten years into the design, implementation and testing of intelligent controllers for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV). However, as AUV missions become more complex, simulation environments must be provided that achieve complete state coverage of the discrete processes of the controller while still fully exercising the continuous processes with high fidelity Monte Carlo simulations. As an illustrative example, this paper describes the current utilization of simulation in the development and testing of intelligent mission controllers for AUVs using ARL's own intelligent control architecture. Then our new paradigm for simulation based design and testing for intelligent controllers is formulated and discussed. | ||
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| FEDEP V1.4: AN UPDATE TO
THE HLA PROCESS MODEL |
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|---|---|---|
| Robert
Lutz Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Laurel, MD 20723, U.S.A. |
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| ABSTRACT | ||
| The Department of Defense (DoD) High
Level Architecture (HLA) for modeling and simulation (M&S) was
developed as a means of facilitating interoperability among simulations
and promoting reuse of simulations and their components. Although the
three HLA specifications together provide the necessary technical
foundation for developing distributed, interoperable simulation
applications, they do not explicitly define how such applications are
developed. In this regard, in order to provide practical guidance to the
HLA user community, the Defense Modeling and Simulation Office (DMSO) has
sponsored the creation of a process model that describes a structured,
common sense approach to HLA federation development. This process model is
known as the HLA Federation Development and Execution Process (FEDEP)
Model. The primary purpose of this paper is to outline the modifications that have been incorporated in transitioning from FEDEP V1.3 to FEDEP V1.4. This paper will also describe the Concept of Operations (ConOps) for how new releases of the FEDEP are produced, and will identify other related products which may be used in concert with the FEDEP to support the needs of HLA federation developers. | ||
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| AUTOMATED DISTRIBUTED
SYSTEM TESTING: APPLICATION OF AN RTI VERIFICATION SYSTEM
|
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|---|---|---|
| John
Tufarolo Jeff Nielsen Susan Symington Richard Weatherly Annette Wilson The MITRE Corporation 1820 Dolley Madison Boulevard McLean, VA 22102-3481, U.S.A. |
James
Ivers Software Engineering Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213, U.S.A |
Timothy C.
Hyon TRW International Defense Simulation Systems 12902 Federal Systems Park Drive Fairfax, VA 22033, U.S.A. |
| ABSTRACT | ||
| A new distributed test system is used to verify the Runtime Infrastructure (RTI) component of the High Level Architecture (HLA). As part of this effort, a test suite has been designed and implemented to provide a coordinated and automated approach to testing this distributed system. This paper describes the application of this test environment and its utility in verifying an HLA RTI. | ||
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| APPLICATION OF THE
ANALYSIS FEDERATE IN THE JOINT ADVANCED DISTRIBUTED SIMULATION JOINT TEST
FORCE ELECTRONIC WARFARE PHASE II TEST |
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|---|---|---|
| William S. Murphy
Jr. TRADOC Analysis Center-Monterey Post Office Box 8692 Monterey, California 93943 |
|
Michael L.
Roane Joint Advanced Distributed Simulation JTF 11104 Menaul Blvd NE Albuquerque, NM 87112-2454 |
| ABSTRACT | ||
| The Analysis Federate is a general purpose High Level Architecture (HLA) data collection, analysis, and visualization tool that was developed by the U.S. Army TRADOC Analysis Center in Monterey. The Analysis Federate was designed to be composable across HLA federations that use different object model abstractions in their Federation Object Models (FOM). This composability is provided by a conceptual framework that includes fourth generation development tools that automate the procedures required for a federate to subscribe, publish, and interpret federation data. Many of these automated procedures could not be used when the Analysis Federate was applied in support of the Joint Advanced Distributed Simulation (JADS) Joint Test Force (JTF). The functionality of these automation procedures is based on the premise that federations will include detailed and meaningful object, attribute, interaction, and parameter definitions in the FOM. The JADS federation did not take this mainstream HLA implementation approach. Instead, they developed and implemented federation specific policies that were necessary to provide the interoperability support that exceeded the HLA baseline. The approach they took was to include objects and interactions in the JADS FOM that were named byte streams of specified sizes. The data structure definitions that were required to decode these byte streams were not documented in the FOM. Instead, they were defined in two separate paper specifications that are not part of the baseline HLA definition. In the absence of these automation procedures, the Analysis Federate was manually composed for application in the JADS federation. Analysis of the manual composability procedures that were used suggests that they could have been automated if the problem was looked at from a different level of abstraction. A discussion of the application of the Analysis Federate in the JADS federation, and a system design for automating the composability of a federate in federations whose FOMs use named data structures is presented. | ||
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| THE EXCLUSION ZONE MODEL
- A DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY |
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|---|---|---|
| Mr P
Rendell Air Warfare Centre (OAE) Joint Headquarters Building (RAF) Northwood HA6 3EP United Kingdom |
|
Mr A
Cowdale Air Warfare Centre Thomson Building RAF Waddington Lincoln LN5 9NB United Kingdom |
| ABSTRACT | ||
| This paper describes the application of
prototyping and rapid development techniques to the support of real
Operations when meeting a specific military requirement. The Exclusion Zone Model (EZM) has been selected as a Case Study as it illustrates how the techniques can be applied, while highlighting the problems encountered by developers operating in a highly reactive environment. | ||
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| MODELLING MILITARY
REQUIREMENTS FOR NON WARFIGHTING OPERATIONS
|
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|---|---|---|
| David
Frankis Noel Corrigan Robert Bailey CORDA Ltd. Apex Tower, 7 High Street New Malden, Surrey, KT3 4LH United Kingdom |
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| ABSTRACT | ||
| This paper describes work undertaken for
national force development and planning staff, and NATO scientific staff,
developing methods and models to assist military planners in identifying
the military requirements for non-warfighting operations, typically peace
support, humanitarian aid and disaster relief. Such models, when fully
developed, give the military planner the ability to assess rapidly, the
force requirements as circumstances change. This paper describes the framework within which these tools have been developed. It then describes how it is possible to codify the capabilities required for such operations and the amount of capability required. The ensuing modelling is empirically-based, deriving from military doctrine, historical examples, and Commanders' personal experience. This is generalised and represented as 'rules of thumb'. The rules can then be used to derive the types and sizes of defined forces needed to fulfil a given mission in the light of the scenario or planning situation. We describe how these rules can be formalised and combined to represent particular operational models and how the models can be represented in software to provide decision aids. Further development of these methods and models is discussed. | ||
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| THE MODELLING OF TACTICS
AND PROCEDURES USING A COMPONENT BASED SYSTEM
|
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|---|---|---|
| Phillip
Martin CORDA Ltd. Apex Tower, 7 High Street New Malden, Surrey, KT3 4LH United Kingdom |
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| ABSTRACT | ||
| The development of tactics or procedures
is a multi-stage, iterative process from the initial concept to their use
by operational units. Once developed tactics are modified in response to
changes to the targets, sensors or weapons, or modified in response to
operational constraints. Modelling is an important tool in this
development process being used to quantify performance metrics, to
extrapolate from existing conditions or to highlight areas for more
detailed investigation in simulators, trials, etc. This paper describes a methodology for modelling tactics and procedures using a component-based system written in EXTEND TM from Imagine That, Inc. This methodology allows the analyst or tactical developer to make changes to the tactics without the need to expose the underlying code. Tactics are built up from a library of generic components that are ordered and connected using graphical methods and the components can be customised using dialogue-input parameters. These tactics are used to control the actions of units within a simulation that demonstrates the effectiveness of the tactics and provides the quantitative data for comparison. | ||
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| MULTITRAJECTORY
SIMULATION PERFORMANCE FOR VARYING SCENARIO SIZES
|
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|---|---|---|
| John B. Gilmer
Jr. Frederick J. Sullivan Wilkes University P.O. Box 111 Wilkes-Barre, PA 18766, USA |
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| ABSTRACT | ||
| Multitrajectory Simulation allows random events in a simulation to generate multiple trajectories, a technique called "splitting", with explicit management of the set of trajectories. The goal is to gain a better understanding of the possible outcome set of the simulation and scenario. This has been applied to a prototype combat simulation, "eaglet" which was designed to have similar, but simpler, representations of the features of the "Eagle" simulation used for Army analyses. The study compared the number of multitrajectory simulation trajectories with numbers of stochastic replications to experimentally determining the rate of convergence to a definitive outcome set. The definitive set was determined using very large numbers of replications to develop a plot of loss exchange ratio versus losses of one side. This was repeated with scenarios of from 40 to 320 units. While the multitrajectory technique gave superior results in general as expected, there were some anomalies, particularly in the smallest scenario, that illustrate limitations of the technique and the assessment method used. | ||
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| MANEUVER WARFARE
DISTILLATIONS: ESSENCE NOT VERISIMILITUDE
|
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|---|---|---|
| Gary E.
Horne Marine Corps Combat Development Command Quantico, VA 22134, U.S.A. |
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| ABSTRACT | ||
| When should we engage the enemy directly
and when should we maneuver? Of course, the answer depends on the
circumstances and the simulations presented here are simply illustrative.
The purpose here is to describe one aspect of an on-going Marine Corps
research program called Project Albert. This aspect is our attempt to capture, i.e. distill, the essence of a subject in as simple a simulation as possible. We don't even call our models simulations, preferring the word distillations. Because they are by nature simple, we can run them many times to try to gain insight into our questions. And we have the ability to grow even more data to explore interesting regions of output, a process we call Data Farming. The process of looking at many manifestations of an operation and then trying to build a deeper understanding of the whole structure is a sample of what we call Operational Synthesis. A contrasting approach would be to increase the verisimilitude up to the limits of computing power and run a small number of iterations. Many current military applications efforts are in line with this contrasting approach and yet don't seem to meet the challenges required to answer our questions. | ||
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| USING ADAPTIVE AGENTS IN
JAVA TO SIMULATE U.S. AIR FORCE PILOT RETENTION
|
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|---|---|---|
| Martin P.
Gaupp Rated Force Policy Analysis Air Force Personnel Operations Agency Arlington, VA 22202 |
|
Raymond R.
Hill Department of Operational Sciences Air Force Institute of Technology Wright-Patterson AFB OH |
| ABSTRACT | ||
| The retention of skilled pilots is a problem that plagues the United States Air Force. After spending millions of dollars on training and education, it is disheartening to see the mass exodus of experienced aviators from the Air Force that has been occurring in the past decade. Many blame the economy, others the Air Force itself, but few are able to accurately predict how or why they are all leaving. Complex adaptive systems theory might provide some insight. By modeling the system at the pilot's level, allowing each pilot to be represented as an autonomous, independent agent continually adapting to its environment and the other agents in it, an alternate model can be built; one that accounts for the interactions among the pilots, not just their interactions with their environment. PICAS (Pilot Inventory Complex Adaptive System) is just such a model. Constructed in the Java language, the PICAS model exploits the notions of complex adaptive systems theory and employs dynamic user controls to discern retention rates over a pilot career time period. Pilots 'evolve', for lack of a better word, to a greater fitness within their environment, and in the process the model user can better determine what kind of environment needs to be created and maintained in order to ensure that trained and experienced pilots are in fact retained for their services beyond their initial service commitments. | ||
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| TALUS - AN OBJECT
ORIENTED AIR COMBAT SIMULATION |
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|---|---|---|
| Sigurd
Glærum Norwegian Defence Research Establishment Division for System Analysis P. O. Box 25 NO-2027 Kjeller, NORWAY |
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| ABSTRACT | ||
| TALUS (TAktisk LUftkampSimulering) is a discrete event, Monte Carlo based air combat simulation model developed at the Norwegian Defence Research Estab-lishment (Norwegian acronym: FFI). The model was requested by the Royal Norwegian Air Force (RNoAF), but will mainly be used for operational research at the FFI. The development took place in a small, well inte-grated project with the authority to establish the re-quirements to the model. Much effort was dedicated to the establishment of a sound system development proc-ess, employing object-oriented analysis, design and implementation. The result has been a model that satis-fies the initial requirements and verification of the fact that the time invested in a systematic approach to the system development is directly proportional to the qual-ity of the end product. | ||
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| DISTRIBUTED REAL-TIME
SIMULATION FOR INTRUDER DETECTION SYSTEM ANALYSIS
|
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|---|---|---|
| Jeffrey S.
Smith Brett A. Peters Texas A&M University Industrial Engineering Department 238 Zachry Engineering Center College Station, TX 77843-3131, U.S.A. |
|
Sabina E.
Jordan Mark K. Snell Sandia National Laboratories Department 5838, Mail Stop 0780 1515 Eubank Blvd. Southeast Albuquerque, NM 87123, U.S.A. |
| ABSTRACT | ||
| This paper describes a distributed simulation system developed for evaluation of physical security systems. The work extends previous work by extracting several system components that were previously integrated into the simulation model and creating distributed modules that interact directly with the system database. This allows the modules to incorporate arbitrarily complex logic and to be developed without detailed knowledge of the structure or language to implement the principal simulation component. | ||
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| NETWORKED SIMULATION
WITH HLA AND MODSIM III |
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|---|---|---|
| Glen D.
Johnson CACI Products Company 3333 North Torrey Pines Court La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A. |
||
| ABSTRACT | ||
| This paper describes a networked
simulation application using HLA (The High Level Architecture) and MODSIM
III, a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) object-oriented simulation
language. The Department of Defense (DoD) developed HLA for training simulation exercises, but HLA is applicable to a wide range of simulation work far beyond wargames. HLA is documented in terms of C++ and Java while Discrete-Event Simulations are often developed in a simulation language such as MODSIM III, SIMSCRIPT II.5, or SLX, or by using a graphical, domain-specific simulator such as COMNET III, SIMPROCESS or ProModel. The requirement addressed by this paper is to interface an existing Discrete-Event Simulation model to the HLA, in order to evaluate that task and to set directions for future work. To further direct focus on interfaces between HLA and a Discrete-Event Simulation, we deliberately chose a small simulation application developed in MODSIM III. Real simulations are, of course, more detailed, but will still use the same interfaces. | ||
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| TACTICAL LOGISTICS AND
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS (TLOADS) SIMULATION
|
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|---|---|---|
| David J.
Parsons Simulation Dynamics, Inc. 416 High Street Maryville, Tennessee 37804 U.S.A. |
|
L. C.
Krause Simulation Dynamics, Inc. 1088 Corte Mira Flores Santa Paula, CA 93060 U.S.A. |
| ABSTRACT | ||
| In response to changing threats from
opposing forces that often result from use of enhanced technology, U.S.
forces must adopt new tactics, employing appropriately upgraded delivery
equipment to deliver rations, fuel, ammunition, personnel, and repair
parts to forces in forward areas. In the face of sharply reduced R&D
budgets, the opportunity to explore new tactics and to test and evaluate
new logistics material delivery equipment is correspondingly diminished.
In addition, the evaluation of new tactics through trial maneuvers
employing seagoing forces and simulated troop landings is often frustrated
by non-cooperative weather, the high operational expense of mounting a
full-blown sea force and the typically inconclusive nature of the data
collected. However, through the use of simulation, inexpensive, innovative force deployment and positioning schemes are tested. New supply distribution techniques employing a wide variety of equipment combinations both existing and experimental are also tested. The simulation output data is used to grade distribution schemes. This provides ranges of vehicle engineering data which may impact and support subsequent equipment design parameters. | ||
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